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Shahmukhi (, meaning literally "from the King's mouth") is a Perso-Arabic alphabet used by Muslims in Punjab to write the Punjabi language. It is generally written in Nastaʿlīq hand. Perso-Arabic is one of two scripts used for Punjabi, the other being Gurumukhi. The Shahmukhi alphabet was first used by the Sufi poets of the Punjab; it became the conventional writing style for the Muslim populace of the Pakistani province of Punjab following the independence of Pakistan in 1947, while the largely Hindu and Sikh modern-day state of Punjab, India adopted the Gurmukhi script to record the Punjabi language. Its use in Indian Punjab is mainly confined to the elderly generation, although it is also recommended to be studied for students studying at M.A level in Punjabi. It is however, used as the main alphabet to write the Pothohari dialect in Indian Jammu and Kashmir. Shahmukhi is written from right to left, while Gurmukhi is written from left to right. Below is the comparison of the two scripts. == Features == * Consonants are doubled with (ੱ). Ex: (ਅੱਲਾਹ) "Allāh", (ਕੱਚਾ) ''Kachchā'' "unripe". * The Gurumukhi sounds ñ (ਞ), ng (ਙ), ṇ (ਣ), nh (ੰ/ં) are all written with nun ghunna (nun without dot). In initial and medial positions, the dot is retained. * (Bari ye) is only found in the final position, when writing the sounds e (ਏ) or æ (ਐ), and in initial and medial positions, it takes the form of . * There are three signs used when indicating a short vowel: (ਅ), (ਉ), (ਇ): a, u, i. Examples: (ਕ਼ਲਮ) ''qalam'' "pen", (ਘੁਪ) ''ghup'' "dense", (ਲਿਹਾਜ਼) ''lihāż'' "consideration" * at the beginning of a word, short vowels are written as follows: , , . * Long vowels are expressed with , , and as follows: 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Shahmukhi alphabet」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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